Which statement best captures the distinction between Maslow's hierarchy and Self-Determination Theory?

Which statement best captures the distinction between Maslow's hierarchy and Self-Determination Theory?

• A. Maslow posits hierarchical needs from physiological to self-actualization; Self-Determination Theory emphasizes intrinsic motivation, autonomy, competence, and relatedness.
• B. Self-Determination Theory claims that external rewards are always more effective than intrinsic motivation.
• C. Maslow's theory asserts that all needs must be satisfied in a strict sequence for growth to occur.
• D. Self-Determination Theory denies the role of autonomy in motivation.

Answer: (A)

Motivation theories differ in how they describe what drives action. Maslow’s view outlines a ladder of needs from physiological up to self-actualization, suggesting people move upward as lower needs are met. Self-Determination Theory, on the other hand, focuses on why people engage in activities—driven by intrinsic motivation and by three basic psychological needs: autonomy, competence, and relatedness. This captures the distinction: Maslow emphasizes a progression of needs, while SDT explains the quality and source of motivation behind behavior. The idea that external rewards are always more effective than intrinsic motivation doesn’t fit SDT, which emphasizes intrinsic motivation and notes that external rewards can sometimes undermine it. Maslow’s claim of a strict, step-by-step sequence is also an oversimplification; the hierarchy is a general guide rather than a rigid ladder. Finally, SDT does not deny autonomy; autonomy is a central, foundational need in the theory.

Motivation theories differ in how they describe what drives action. Maslow’s view outlines a ladder of needs from physiological up to self-actualization, suggesting people move upward as lower needs are met. Self-Determination Theory, on the other hand, focuses on why people engage in activities—driven by intrinsic motivation and by three basic psychological needs: autonomy, competence, and relatedness. This captures the distinction: Maslow emphasizes a progression of needs, while SDT explains the quality and source of motivation behind behavior.

The idea that external rewards are always more effective than intrinsic motivation doesn’t fit SDT, which emphasizes intrinsic motivation and notes that external rewards can sometimes undermine it. Maslow’s claim of a strict, step-by-step sequence is also an oversimplification; the hierarchy is a general guide rather than a rigid ladder. Finally, SDT does not deny autonomy; autonomy is a central, foundational need in the theory.